This came up again on the Hide and, since I am on a path to mend from my snobby tendencies, I wanted to give it a little thought.
A gentlemen over there asked a question regarding what relatively inexpensive scope he should mount on his newly built AR for shooting between 300 and 600 yards. He also recently signed up on this community @nevadany
It appears that he lives in New York, behind enemy lines. Having spent many years in California, I sympathize with his plight.
The scopes that came up right up front are Arken SH4, SWFA fixed power and a couple of others. Most recently Sightron S-TAC 3-16x42FFP was also mentioned. He would prefer to stay out of China if possible.
In the $300-$400 range, staying out of China is not straightforward, but possible.
What confounds the situation is that SWFA has not released their updated Classic scopes yet. They are supposed to any moment now. I just pinged them to see where that is. I'll let you know what they say.
Their website has just gone through some updates, so we should be just about there. https://swfa.com/
With Chinese scopes, while Arken gets a lot of publicity, that is not the direction I would go with. When shopping on a budget, you want solid fundamentals even at a cost of some features.
To that end, I would be looking at Element Helix https://alnk.to/b7yRpQd, Vortex Venom https://alnk.to/6mQoVKF and Primary Arms SLx scopes. There is also Vortex Diamondback Tactical https://alnk.to/5jlR30S and a few scopes that are almost there on price like Swampfox Warhawk and Kentucky Long https://alnk.to/9T9yygq
One thing that did not come up in the thread (unless I missed it), is the question of mounts. You want to make sure your mounts are decent if you plan to be dialing with this scope.
Primary Arms has their "bonus bucks" business going on, which can be used toward a mount. https://alnk.to/6mQoVKF
If staying out of Phillipines, most options are above the price range he was looking in, with Sightron S-TAC 3-16x42 FFP being one of the few exceptions. https://alnk.to/610SYfl
If you want something made in Japan, SWFA is more or less your only option unless you find a very good deal on something used.
In the grans scheme of things, if we are talking about shooting at the range out to 600 yards, the fundamental qualities you need in an optic are pretty straightforward: you want it to stay zeroed, track reliably and be good enough optically to see the target.
Illumination is not necessary.
Zero stop is a nice thing to have, but not necessary in this case.
5 or 6 mrad per revolution turret is plenty for 600 yards with common 5.56 ammo.
You do want to have some means of parallax control, i.e. side focus or AO or rear focus.
Variable magnification is nice to have, but I could do just fine without it for this application.
What would I do? I would probably lean toward the simplicity of a 10x or 12x SWFA scope. If you want to stay out of China, do so.
Phillipine-made Sightron S-Tac is a pretty nice scope, but FOV is on the narrow side and if I am going to spend a lot of time staring through a scope, that would annoy me.