DarkLordOfOptics
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Guns, Optics, 2nd Amendment and resisting the Left in everything they touch.
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Visiting Primary Arms

Primary Arms visit turned out to be quite surprising. I have been talking to the gentleman who runs PA on and off for a while now, but somehow I still wasn't grasping the entire scale of their operation. Now, to be fair, I am certainly still not aware of everything they do. However, looking back on it, I really shouldn't have been that surprised. They have a seriously substantial warehouse since they stock they stuff they sell and, looking at their website, it should have been apparent that requires space and manpower.

What I didn't know is that they have a pretty solid engineering group in-house and how much effort and resources go into the Primary Arms branded optics. When PA optics line started, what they had were just comparatively standard OEM scopes that stood out because of the ACSS reticles. As I have elaborated previously, some ACSS reticles I like and some I do not. A lot of it is just personal preference, to be honest, and some is just stylistically differences. However, all of the ACSS reticles I have seen to date are intelligently conceived and I can clearly see what the design goals were and how they went about achieving them. That's more than I can say about most reticles out there.

PA optics line still has the various ACSS reticles, but there is a lot more to them now which is how they ended up within my field of view, so to speak.
Many of their products stopped looking like "me too" designs with good reticles. The line of micro-prisms that I have been talking about is unique to them. Other small prismatics out there come from different OEMs.

The new PLxC 1-8x24 LPVO is just exceptional and easily clears the bar to make it onto my list of recommendations (with room to spare, frankly). Optomechanically, it is clearly going after scopes like Razor Gen3 and ATACR. Given the price, if they ever add a diffractive reticle to it, they will absolutely be in the same conversation.

The interesting part is that when I first saw that scope, it absolutely threw me for a loop. At this stage in the game, when I look at a scope, I can usually make a pretty good guess which OEM it is from, especially which Japanese OEM. This scope sorta looked like a LOW design, except I had never seen that exact version (and for a good reason since it turned out to be entirely new and likely proprietary to PA). The turrets, however, did not look like it and did not feel like it. Click feel was different and when I took the removable part off, the insides were kinda sealed. I generally do not take scopes apart beyond what is expected of a consumer (sort of a courtesy to the manufacturers; although there are exceptions to that), so I did not go further.

Now, that I got a chance to spend a little time with the team at PA, it all makes sense. There is a good size engineering group in-house and an increasing number of the PA optics have some elements of their own design, with turrets being at the top of the list. There are other things coming though. For example, they are a bit cagey about what is happening there, but they are building a cleanroom. You do not need a cleanroom like that for QC.

Now, one of the things I look for when I visit companies is the quality of the team. If you have a cohesive team, a couple of smart engineers and company support you can get a lot of stuff done. The gentleman who is in charge of engineering at PA looked strangely familiar. It turned out that we had crossed paths in the past (through my dayjob) a decade or so ago. More importantly, we have some mutual friends who speak highly of his abilities. That's the kind of stuff I pay attention to and that also explains why I am seeing increasingly sophisticated opto-mechanical designs coming out of PA, with more on the way. Also, I got a glimpse into the insides of one of his turrets designs (looking at the CAD screen over his shoulder) and it is a clever system that should be durable.

For another example, PA has a few red dot sights in different price ranges and the new one I got to play with is the SR-10. It is a part of their SLx line, so it is on the budget end of things. We'll see how it does, but offhand, it looks like a pretty straightforward Docter-pattern open emitter red dot sight for use on both pistols and long guns. However, for a couple of hundred bucks, it comes with a picatinny mount and a very slim Glock MOS adapter. I'll confirm, but I am pretty sure it will sit low enough to co-witness with standard Glock sights. Decent collimation quality with a 3MOA dot.

The product line I have been paying most attention to lately was probably GLx. Don't get me wrong, the new PLxC seems good enough to satisfy even my optics snobbery and the SLx are very good budget options (admittedly, I am mostly familiar with SLx red dots and micro-prisms). GLx, however, might be the best bang for the buck of the bunch, starting with the 2x prismatic I looked at a little while back. Then, I looked at the 2.5-10x44 that is very feature rich and just excellent mechanically (it also has their own turret design and, now that I met the engineering team, I understand why it is excellent). Optically, it is better than adequate, but not exceptional. It is good enough for me to recommend it overall, though. I knew they had new GLx scopes coming, and that is what I really wanted to see while I was there. They were refreshingly open about their upcoming products. A couple of them they asked me to not talk about yet, but there are several that are coming soon enough to discuss. There were four new variable scopes I saw. One was the 1-10x24 FFP LPVO made in Japan by JOL. Three were made in the Philippines, all with FFP reticles: 1-6x24, 3-18x44 and 4.5-27x56. I got a chance to see near-production quality prototypes of all four and I was, honestly, pretty impressed.

General disclaimer: there isn't all that much I can immediately say from looking at scope indoors, but there are a few things to look for and I did not see any glaring problems. Mechanically, everything had a good feel and all had PA's own turrets that I noted earlier. I am not entirely sure what the final pricing will be and I suspect they are still finalizing that. Once I know the specifics, I'll let you know.

The 1-10x24 is a bit on the heavy side of the LPVO world, but I have seen this optical system before and it really is quite good with a well designed eyepiece, so it is easy to get behind. It should play nicely against other LPVOs out there that are used in a DMR-ish role, i.e. on accurate AR carbines that have to work from up-close and personal out to a few hundred yards.

The 1-6x24 was completely new to me. I had no idea it was in the works. Of the two LPVOs, this one is probably the one I am more curious about since I have not seen that optical system before. It did look quite respectable. Reticle illumination seemed adequately bright, but I was indoors the whole time. That's something to check. The eyepiece, however, is done very well, so I expect it to be quite easy to get behind. We had a long warehouse to use, so I set the scopes up on a tripod and spent some time peering through them on different magnifications. The 1-6x24 had good detail and good flare control best I could tell.

The scope I was arguably most impressed with was the 3-18x44. It has the same excellent zero-lock and zero-stop turrets I liked on the 2.5-10x44, but a better magnification range for crossover use and likely better image quality. With this one, we are getting into magnification ranges where there isn't a ton I can really say indoors, but it looked promising. This scope should be a contender as a crossover scope for anything from accurate ARs to lightweight precision rifles. I'll post full specs once available.

Same goes for the 4.5-27x56 model. It appeared to have more or less the same mechanical features, so I have reasonable confidence it will work well. I did not see anything obviously wrong optically, so that is encouraging too.

All of these GLx scopes showed some commonality of mechanical design and eyepiece design, which is a good thing. GLx scopes seem to sit in that rough sweetspot where you can get a lot for your money, but these are not cheap scopes. That's roughly the same market where Vortex' PST Gen2 plays. Various Athlon Ares scopes are in there as well as several others. This is where you can find decent quality Japanese scopes and higher end Phillipine-made and Chinese designs. This is really where the battle of the OEMs is happening right now, I think.

Lastly, I wanted to look at how they do QC and it turns out that every PA branded optics that comes in, no matter how expensive, is looked at. Every single one is taken out of the box and checked. That, I did not expect. To the best of my knowledge, for the inexpensive chinese optics, noone else checks every single one. With higher end products that is pretty common, but checking EVERYTHING is pretty unusual.

Overall, it was an interesting visit. PA is located in the part of the country I visit with reasonable regularity, so I'll make it a point to check on them every once in a while. I kinda want to know what they plan to do with that cleanroom.

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PA GLx 2x Final Resting Place

Here is a final, likely, wrap up of where I think the GLx 2x from Primary Arms belongs.
It is likely the best general purpose optic for AKs and ARs I have seen in a while for shooting inside of $200. Definitely the best for the money and per ounce.
Now, when I say "inside of 200 yards" I do not mean trying to shave a hair of of a mosquito's left testicle. Assume shooting at typical subjects the size of a human torso, or a hog's vital zone.
Most of the time, I have the GLx sitting on a 300BLK pistol. I used it to teach one of my kids to shoot and it was a very easy and forgiving optic to use for a 7 year old. It is equally easy and forgiving for adults as well. It is just that easy to get behind and moderate magnification helps with the ease of use tremendously.
Now that pistol braces are verbotten, the GLx ended up on a 7.62x39 AK (a somewhat tricked out WASR-10) and I think it is going to stay there permanently.
https://alnk.to/ge40PLW
The ACSS reticle on this one is done just ...

00:12:30
SwampFox Sentinel red dot sight

This one is a very simple review:
-it is small
-it is robust
-it works they way it is supposed to
-it does not cost a huge amount of money
-the Ironside shield is a good idea
-RMSc footprint is a good idea

I messed up on price in the video. It is about $50 less than I thought at Brownells: https://alnk.to/a41u5D4

Ironsides stainless steel shield adds $40 to it: https://alnk.to/hDo4gJf

00:07:04
Kicking things off with 5x prismatics: SwampFox and Vortex

I plan to examine a few more prismatics as I go along, but here is the first installment that discusses SwampFox Saber 5x36 and Vortex Spitfire Gen2 5x25.
The interesting part is how little they have in common and how they do compromises differently.
Saber used a large CR123 battery, for example, but the housing gets in the way of a conventional offset red dots or irons should you choose to use one. However, the red dot mounted on the body of the sight, I think, works better.
Vortex, unlike the SwampFox comes with two different mount heights, so I was able to use it on both AK and AR platforms. It is more at home on a lightweight AR though.
The approaches to FOV, reticles, packaging and mounting are very different, which makes it all interesting to me.
The next video on 5x prismatics will talk about the Element Immersive 5x30 and Primary Arms SLx 5x Micro in some length.

00:24:28
Sanctions on Chinese thermal riflescope makers

I mentioned this yesterday as it pertains to iRay. After some digging, a friend of mine found another announcement that also mentioned Guide. Those two make the majority of Chinese thermal scopes imported to the US.
They also provide imaging cores to many thermal camera and riflescope integrators out there, like Bering and others. I assume they are also impacted by this.

Here is the announcement where iRay is called out:
https://www.state.gov/imposing-new-measures-on-russia-for-its-full-scale-war-and-use-of-chemical-weapons-against-ukraine-2/

Here is the one where Guide is called out: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy2318

also took a snapshot of the relevant passage and attached them to this post.

iRay just released a statement that they are continuing:
https://irayusa.com/notice-to-irayusa-dealers/

To me, it looks like they are playing with fire, but then again, I am not a lawyer and I assume they talked to one. They state as much. They also state they have been in ...

Lone Wolf weekend sale

It looks like Lone Wolf has a site wide sale on all parts this weekend. 15% off.
https://alnk.to/ge5LdMS
Best I can tell, barrel, frame and AR-15 uppers are excluded.
I have a lot of mileage with Lone Wolf's Glock compatible parts and my experience has been very good.
No personal experience with what they make for other platforms.

Livestream tonight at 7pm Mountain Time.

Lots to discuss.
I'll talk about the revamped SWFA 10x scope I have on hand.
We can touch on the new sanctions reheard Tuesday. IRay appears to have been sanctioned.
We can talk about the insanity of American colleges.
We'll see where the conversation takes us.

Non-magnifying Optic Parallax Error
A Dose Of Reality

The discussion of how much parallax red dot sights have pops up all the time.  It gets very emotionally charged.  Measured parallax error gets converted to MOA.  Everyone knows that MOA is right around one inch.  Large parallax error in MOA at close distances looks like a huge problem.
What is frequently forgotten is that 1MOA is exactly one inch at only one distance: ~95.5 yards.
At closer distances, it is a lot less than an inch.


Here is a table that calculates linear parallax error at different distances for a given angular error in MOA:

One of the problems is that most manufacturers of red dot sights claim their sights are parallax free.  What they really mean by that is that they are parallax free in the sweetspot (some center region) at one particular distance (usually 40 or 50 yards).

EoTech, apparently and to their credit, actually posted some numbers that are about right based on what I have seen:

The only othe rhologrpahic sight on the market, Vortex UH-1 is slightly better than that at the edges.  However, with both EOTech and UH-1, I can only see parallax error fairly close to the edges.  Most of the center portion of the window has sufficiently low parallax error that the natural dispersion of my shooting completely conceals it.  

Suppose you are doing a CQB drill and go really fast.  You end up taking a shot where the aiming point is somewhere toward the edge of the window of the sight.  Worst case, you are picking up about 10MOA of error from the optic.  That is 1.5 inches at 10 yards.  Does that constitue a problem for a CQB scenario?  Not in the slightest.  The only time I can think of when it might be an issue is a hostage-type drill, but every time I have done it, there was enough time to roughly center the aiming point in the sigh tpicture.  That brings parallax error down to zilch and you get to concentrate on dealign with gun wobble, accelerated heart rate and general stress (and that assumes noone is shooting back at you).

As the distances increase, so does the magnitude of linear parallax error, assumign a fairly constant angular error.  However, I am rapidly getting past the point where I should be taking shots at anything much beyond two hundred yards without magnification (I will be hunting deer with an iron sight muzzleloader in the fall, so I will test this out in preparation).

If I am shooting at something 100+ yards away, chances are I will have an extra second to center the aiming point.

Now, none of this means that we should not check for parallax with our holographics and red dot sights.  However, what I care about the most is the size of the sweetspot: the center area of the sight picture where parallax is negligible.  As long as it is not too small, I do not get too hung up on the parallax performance at the edges.

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HET8: Top Level Summary

Since I am pathologically late on everything, I figured I should release at least a summary as I try to put the final video content together.  I plan to do a livestream as a wrap up as soon as I organize all the data.  Below is a run down of a few categories.  Let me know if I missed something and I will add more detail.

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Reference Standard - 2024

I mentioned the whole reference standard idea about six months ago: https://darklordofoptics.locals.com/post/4249701/coming-soon-to-the-mailbox-near-you

The plan is to select a few scopes as my reference standards in a few categories and make sure I keep them on hand for at least the entire calendar year.  If they move on somewhere, I have to designate something else as the reference standard in that category.  There might be a couple of reference standard designs in each category to split them by price range.

Since I just went through the riflescope category exercise https://darklordofoptics.locals.com/post/5212669/riflescope-type-classification (the "reference standard" idea is one of the reasons I did that), let's stick with roughly the same framework.

Do keep in mind, that some categories I am not as well versed in as I'd like to be.  Also, there might be scopes in each category I consider exceptional, but do not have on hand.  Reference standard has to be something I have here and will use as a basis for comparisons.  I will endeavor to use optics that I believe to be at the top of their category, but it is not always possible.  Natirually, these will lean heavily toward mrad designs.  I avoid MOA like the plague whenever possible.

 

Fixed 1x
For prismatics, this has to be Primary Arms SLx 1x Microprism.  https://bit.ly/3uLqu0E I have a few different 1x prismatics on hand, but SLx is the only one that has been here long enough to be the standard for 2024.  For now.  There are some really interesting options in this range.

 

Fixed mag small prism
This can go in a variety of different directions depending on personal preferences and price.  It is not practical to have a reference standard for every magnification and with compact prismatics I do like 3x as a good compromise magnification.  These scopes are a step up from people who have been using red dots with magnifiers and want a better experience at distance.  This one will also go to Primary Arms.  Technically, I like GLx 2x more than SLx 3x, but 2x is such a unique magnification that it is not a very good yard stick for comparisons.  SLX 3x Microprism it is, then.  https://bit.ly/4bMMclz

 

Fixed mag large prism

Somewhat oddly, with large prism scopes, I start leaning toward higher magnifications.  I want these in 4x or 5x.  I view these differently.  These are, to me, alternatives to LPVOs and spiritual successors of old general purpose 4x and 6x fixed power scopes, except more compact and with wider FOV.  There a couple of good options and, unsurprisingly, my favourites are Element Immersive 5x30 https://bit.ly/3NjJ4mJ and the discontinued Elcan Spectre OS 4x.  The dual power Spectre DR is still thriving, as expensive as it is.  https://bit.ly/4bQpwAN  I have the single magnification 4x and it is a very good yardstick for what a high end prismatic should be.  With the Element, I am clearly biased since I designed the reticle for it.  In other words, I got to put a reticle I could not get other people to make into a scope I like.  You should not be terribly surprised to see it here.

 

LPVO

This one gets tough and there will be several options here.  Keep in mind that I like FFP LPVOs once we get up in price.

With budget LPVOs, for now, it is Primary Arms SLx 1-6x24 with Nova reticle. https://bit.ly/40LeLdt It has some competition this year, but until I spend more time looking through it, PA takes it.

On the mid-range, it is a battle between SAI6 1-6x24 with mrad reticle https://bit.ly/49Nomo4 and PA PLxC 1-8x24 with meters BDC reticle. https://bit.ly/3Bn3951  With PA, I am not a fan of their other reticles, but I like how light and short it is with an excellent eyepiece.  With SAI6, I like the whole reticle line-up but lean toward the mrad designs for general purpose use.  The X-Wing style high visbility feature is not for everyone, but it works for me.  I suppose I will keep both here.  

If you go up in price, my basic opinion has not changed.  Vortex Razor Gen3 1-10x24 is the one to beat if you want a nuclear bright reticle.  https://bit.ly/3w1Ah2T

This leaves a little of a "no-man's land" with LPVOs that are designed to be true general purpose designs, like the side focus equipped March Shorty 1-10x24 and Delta Stryker 1-10x28.  They are a little too different to serve as a useful yardstick for anything but each other.  For now.

 

Dangerous Game

I may have to skip one because I do not really have anything on hand right now that fits the description and I have had long enough to make it a reference standard.  I do have some ideas, so stay tuned.

 

MPVO

For the time being, the one to rule them all is the dual focal plane March 1.5-15x42 https://bit.ly/4bjm15X  This category, almost by definition, is the one where compromises are made for the most flexibility.  This March is not perfect, but it is the best we currently have.  On the budget end, the yardstick should be Athlon's excellent Helos BTR Gen2 2-12x42, but it is sitting on top of a friend of mine's rifle two states to the West.  It can't be a reference standard if it is not here.  In the meantime, the old reliable SWFA SS 3-9x42 will do.  I have a couple of them.  https://swfa.com/swfa-3-9x42-ss-hd-mil-quad-reticle-30mm-tube-1-mil-clicks-ffp/

 

Tweener

I do not like to use a discontinued scope as a yardstick, but Razor HD LH 1.5-8x32 has got to be it.  It is not a common scope category, so we will hoble along like this until I come up with something still manufactured (that fits the profile and I like).  On the low-ish end of the price range,  I do like SWFA 2.5-10x32 Ultralight and have a couple of them.  https://swfa.com/swfa-2-5-10x32-ss-ultralight-msr-556-bdc-reticle-1-tube-25-moa-clicks/ 

 

Crossover

For once, this one is easy and I'll keep it all within a sane-ish price range.  Vortex Razor HD-LHT 4.5-22x50 https://bit.ly/3KEbZyA and Delta Stryker 3.5-21x44 https://annexdefense.com/delta-stryker-hd-3-5-21x44-rifle-scope/ are the purest expressions of the crossover idea I have seen to date, this side of Tangent TT315M that you will see a couple of categories down.

 

Traditional Hunting

This get difficult again because it is not a type of a scope that is common around these parts and the ones I look at do not stick around too long.  I simply happen to be an FFP guy.  However, some hunting scope articles are very much overdue and I do have an excellent Delta Titanium 1.5-9x45.  In sticking with sane prices, let's add Tract Toric 2.5-15x44 with illuminated reticle to this list.  https://tractoptics.com/toric-uhd-30mm-2-5-15x44-ffp-illuminated-mrad-mrad-hunting-rifle-scope

These two should give me a decent ability to compare.  On the high end, there are several real interesting options, but I do not have any on hand since the two categories bracketing this one fill that role for me.

 

General Purpose Practical Precision

Given how much this crosses over with, oun intended, crossover designs above, I could have merged them into signle category.  It would make too much sense so here we are.  Tangent Theta TT315M 3-15x50 is still it to me. https://bit.ly/41dz6c8

In the less eye-wateringly expensive world, the current range of 4-25x50 (or thereabouts) designs from LOW seem to offer a lot for the money.  Tract's version is a good example.  https://tractoptics.com/toric-4-25x50-34mm-mrad-elr-rifle-scope

Moving further down in price, I think Burris XTR3i 3.3-18x50 takes the cake https://bit.ly/48ViwQX  I really like how capable it is at very near to $1k, so it will be here for a while.

 

Long Range Practical Precision

I might catch a lot of flack for this one, but so be it.  

High end: still Tangent Theta 5-25x56 https://bit.ly/3ORWU0n

Best bang for the buck on the high end: Vortex Razor Gen3 6-36x56  https://bit.ly/3VcAXJD

Mid-range: Delta Stryker 4.5-30x56 (there is a bunch of simlar scopes in this category and I happen to have this one)  https://www.edgunwest.com/store/delta-optics/item/delta-stryker-4-5-30x56/

Low-mid range: Meopta Optika6 5-30x56 (again, there are several to choose from that are similar, but this one is on hand) https://bit.ly/3Ia4QX9  and Delta Javelin 4.5-30x56.  There are some similarities between them, but these are not identical scopes  https://annexdefense.com/delta-javelin-4-5-30x56-rifle-scope-ffp-smr-1-do-2470/

 

Short Range Target: I'll have to skip this one for now.

Long Range Target: Ditto.  It is not a category I look at much, so I do not have anything on hand that will fit.  I will rectify that.  Until then, the best paper shooting scope I have and intend to keep is March 5-42x56.  It bridges several categories nicely since it is FFP, but it pulls target shooting duty for me.  If I decide to do a comparison review on target scope, this Marhc will serve as the reference standard.  https://bit.ly/3TdABox

Field Target: I do not have a Field Target setup, so this category is going to be skipped for now.  Hopefuly, not for too long.

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